MorphologicalFeaturesExcludingCases

adjutative voice

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3844

Identifier: adjutativeVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice for a construction where the subject of the verb is not an agent of the action denoted by the verb but is assisting an unstated agent in performing the action
Source: WP

Example: I helped them build the barn
Source: SEW

Language sections: English, French

animacy

animacy; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1902

Identifier: animacy Type: complex/closed Origin: 78 Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology

Definition: The characteristic of a word indicating that in a given discourse community, its referent is considered to be alive or to possess a quality of volition or consciousness.
Source: ISO12620

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

animate
animate; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1911
Identifier: animate   Type: simple   Origin: 79   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Perceived as alive.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
inanimate
inanimate; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1952
Identifier: inanimate   Type: simple   Origin: 80   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Perceived as not living.
Source: ISO12620
Example: chair (it)
Source: Mitre
Language sections: English, French
other animacy
other animacy; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1953
Identifier: otherAnimacy   Type: simple   Origin: 81   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Perceived as related to animacy, but without specific reference to the previous items.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French

antipassive voice

antipassive voice; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3845

Identifier: antipassiveVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice in a construction with a transitive verb where the object is deleted
Source: WP

Example: In Basque: Gauza miragarriak ikusirik nago / ikusia naiz (*I am seen wonderful things)
Source: WP

Language sections: English, French

aorist

aorist; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1240

Identifier: aorist Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Simple past tense that is predominantly used for narration. Both the perfective and the imperfective forms can be used in the aorist without any restrictions.
Source: www.helsinki.fi/~bontchev/grammar/index.html

Language sections: English, French

Linguistic sections: English

Data type: string

apocope mood

apocope mood; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3843

Identifier: apocopeMood Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: mood expressed by an apocope
Source: Sfax lexicon

Language sections: English, French

applicative voice

applicative voice; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3846

Identifier: applicativeVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the core patient argument and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb
Source: WP

Language sections: English, French

aspect

aspect; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1242

Identifier: aspect Type: complex/closed Origin: ? Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Category associated to verbs and referring to the way the grammar marks the duration or type of temporal activity.
Source: Crystal

Example: I'll phone my mother tomorrow. (The event is planed as a single completed action.) From now on every week I'll phone my mother. (The action is intended to be completed successfully and repeated more than once.) Tomorrow afternoon I'll be preparing myself for the English language test. (The action will be in progress by tomorrow afternoon.)
Source:

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

cessative
cessative; standardized name
accomplished; admitted name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2001
Identifier: cessative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Aspect that expresses the cessation of an event or state.
Source: SIL
Language sections: English, French
imperfective
imperfective; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1305
Identifier: imperfective   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Imperfective aspect is an aspect that expresses an event or state, with respect to its internal structure, instead of expressing it as a simple whole.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspect.htm
Example: Here are some examples of imperfective aspect: Progressive aspect Example: be + -ing Habitual aspect with Example: used to
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspect.htm
Language sections: English, French
inchoative
inchoative; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2002
Identifier: inchoative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Aspect that expresses the beginning of an event or state.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
perfective
perfective; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1352
Identifier: perfective   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Perfective aspect is an aspect that expresses a temporal view of an event or state as a simple whole, apart from the consideration of the internal structure of the time in which it occurs.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.htm
Example: He walked there.This type of construction expresses a temporal view of walk distinct from those expressed in the following constructions: - He was walking there. - He used to walk there
Source: ww.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.htm
Language sections: English, French
unaccomplished
unaccomplished; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2217
Identifier: unaccomplished   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: aspect that expresses an event or state that is not finished.
Source:
Language sections: English, French

broken plural

broken plural; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2218

Identifier: brokenPlural Type: simple Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Is a: plural

Definition: Internal plural that do not have any inflection.
Source:

Language sections: English, French

causative voice

causative voice; standardized name

causative voice; Source: ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3847

Identifier: causativeVoice Type: complex/open Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice where the subject causes someone or something else to do or be something
Source:

Example: I caused him to loose his place
Source: SEW

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

circumstantial voice

circumstantial voice; standardized name

circumstantial voice; Source: ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3848

Identifier: circumstantialVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the role of subject
Source: WP

Note: in Malagasy language

Language sections: English, French

cliticness

cliticness; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903

Identifier: cliticness Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Categorization of the different types of clitics
Source: MultText-East
Note: For instance, for Slovene, cliticness has the following values no=ne yes=da bound=navezna

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

bound
bound; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1933
Identifier: bound Type: simple Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Linked to a particular element.
Source:
Language sections: English, French

definiteness

definiteness; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1926

Identifier: definiteness Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Property about the possiblity to identify an entity.
Source:
Note: Definiteness in English is generally conveyed through the use of definite determiners, such as "this" or "the". fullArticle and shortArticle are for Bulgarian.

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

definite
definite; standardized name
status emphaticus; admitted name
status determinatus; admitted name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2004
Identifier: definite   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value referring to the capacity of identification of an entity.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
full article
full article; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1928
Identifier: fullArticle   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: For definiteness, when a specific form is the syntactic subject of the clause.
Source: DFKI
Note: For Bulgarian, for instance.
Language sections: English, French
indefinite
indefinite; standardized name
status absolutus; admitted name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2005
Identifier: indefinite   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value related to an entity in a situation where the identification of this entity is not clear cut.
Source:
Note: indefinite is the contrary of definite
Language sections: English, French
short article
short article; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1927
Identifier: shortArticle   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: For definiteness, when a specific form is not the syntactic subject of the clause.
Source:
Note: For Bulgarian, for instance.
Language sections: English, French

degree

degree; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1419

Identifier: degree Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Property concerning comparison.
Source:
Note: In English, "good" is positive, "better" is comparative and "best" is superlative.

Language sections: English, French

Linguistic sections: English

Data type: string

comparative
comparative; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1421
Identifier: comparative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Comparative is the comparison where only two entites are involved.
Source:
Note: In English, "better" is comparative, "best" is superlative and "good" is positive.
Language sections: English, French
positive
positive; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1420
Identifier: positive   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value used in a comparison relationship when no comparison is involved.
Source:
Note: In English, "good" is positive, "better" is comparative and "best" is superlative.
Language sections: English, French
superlative
superlative; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1422
Identifier: superlative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value used in a comparison between more than two entities.
Source:
Note: In English, "good" is positive, "better" is comparative and "best" is superlative.
Language sections: English, French

el inclusion

el inclusion; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2219

Identifier: elInclusion Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Feature for nouns to express the property that the noun may be associated with article el.
Source: MIRACL & LSCA
Note: For the article "الْ" in Arabic.

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

elative

elative; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2220

Identifier: elative Type: simple Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: value used to qualify someone or something as superior
Source: MIRACL & LSCA
Note: In some languages such as Arabic, the concept of comparative and superlative degree of an adjective are merged into a single form, the elative. Not to be confused with elative case.

Example: The elative of kabir (big) is akbar (bigger/biggest).
Source:

Language sections: English, French

finitness

finitness; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1893

Identifier: finiteness Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Property referring to finite and non-finite status of a verbal form.
Source:

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

finite
finite; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1287
Identifier: finite Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Property applied to a verb form that can occur on its own in an independent sentence.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: In English, all forms except the infinitives and participles are finite. All forms permit contrast in tense and mood.
Language sections: English, French
non-finite
non-finite; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1332
Identifier: nonFinite Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Property related for verb forms occurring on their own only in dependent clauses and lacking tense and mood contrasts.
Source: adapted from Crystal 2003
Example: En. infinitive It took courage to continue after the accident.(En. -ing form) Leaving home can be very traumatic. En. past participle Leave immediately when you are asked to do so.
Source: www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/verbs/xverb3.htm
Language sections: English, French

grammatical gender

grammatical gender; standardized name

grammatical gender; Source: ISO 1262:1999 ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1297

Identifier: grammaticalGender Type: complex/closed Origin: Morphosyntax; ISO 12620:1999 Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology

Definition: Category based on (depending on languages) the natural distinction between sex and formal criteria.
Source: GP

Definition: the common value is used for the word combines feminine and masculine
Source: GP

Language sections: English, French

Linguistic sections: English, French, German, Italian

Data type: string

common gender
common gender; standardized name
common gender; Source: Morphosyntax set; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1558
Identifier: commonGender   Type: simple   Origin: Morphosyntax set   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indistinguished gender for epicenes.
Source: Gil Francopoulo
Note: Not all languages have this tradition of having a common value for epicenes. It seems to be the case in Danish and Italian. It is not the case for French.
Language sections: English, French
feminine
feminine; standardized name
feminine; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1880
Identifier: feminine   Type: simple   Origin: 247; ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to females.
Source: ISO12620
Note: In the languages where there is the notion of grammatical gender, the value /feminine/ is frequently attached to a word that has nothing to do with the natural gender. For instance, in French, "le tabouret" (masculine) vs "la chaise" (feminine) is purely idiomatic.
Example: fr: fille, mere
Source: Mitre; TEI(green text)
Language sections: English, French
masculine
masculine; standardized name
masculine; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1883
Identifier: masculine   Type: simple   Origin: 246; ISO 12620:1999; Source indicates synonymy with a DC defined for Terminology   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to males.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
neuter
neuter; standardized name
neuter; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1884
Identifier: neuter   Type: simple   Origin: 248; ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to objects that are not characterized as male or female.
Source: ISO12620
Example: de: das Brot, das Mädchen
Source: Mitre; TEI(green text)
Explanation: Although the noun Mädchen, a girl, ostensibly relates to a feminine entity, it is neuter based on the form of the word, since the diminutive ending "chen" reverts to neuter gender regardless of the concept to which the word refers.
Source: SEW
Language sections: English, French

grammatical number

grammatical number; standardized name

grammatical number; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1298

Identifier: grammaticalNumber Type: complex/closed Origin: ISO 12620:1999? Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology

Definition: Grammatical category for the variation in form of nouns, pronouns, and any words agreeing with them, depending on how many persons or things are referred to.
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=number 12

Language sections: English, French

Linguistic sections: English, French

Data type: string

collective
collective; standardized name
collective; Source: Morphosyntax; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1254
Identifier: collective   Type: simple   Origin: ? Morphosyntax   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: A number referring to a set of things or people.
Source: en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_number
Example: Languages that have this feature can use it to get a phrase like "flock of sheep".
Source:
Language sections: English, French
dual
dual; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1879
Identifier: dual   Type: simple   Origin: 254; ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Form used in some languages to designate two persons or things.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
paucal
paucal; standardized name
paucal; Source: Morphosyntax; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1350
Identifier: paucal   Type: simple   Origin: ? Morphosyntax   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Number that specifies 'a few' things.
Source: en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paucal_number
Language sections: English, French
plural
plural; standardized name
plural; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1354
Identifier: plural   Type: simple   Origin: ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Value that expresses more than one element.
Source: GP
Language sections: English, French
quadrial
quadrial; standardized name
quadrial; Source: Morphosyntax; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2000
Identifier: quadrial   Type: simple   Origin: Morphysyntax   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Property related to four elements.
Source: GP
Language sections: English, French
singular
singular; standardized name
singular; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1387
Identifier: singular   Type: simple   Origin: ISO 12620:1999?   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Value that expresses one element.
Source: GP
Example: eat
Source: zeus.inalf.fr SINGULIER
Language sections: English, French
trial
trial; standardized name
trial; Source: Morphosyntax; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1407
Identifier: trial   Type: simple   Origin: ? Morphosyntax   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Grammatical number referring to 'three things', as opposed to 'singular' and 'plural'.
Source: en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_number
Note: For instance, for mwotlap. Trial does not exist in English.
Language sections: English, French

honorific

honorific; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2347

Identifier: honorific Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: special form of language used when talking about those in positions of social situation
Source:
Note: Examples are a superior at work or a customer.

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

imperative aspect

imperative aspect; standardized name

imperative aspect; Source: ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3838

Identifier: imperativeAspect Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: aspect of an imperative verb form or clause
Source:

Language sections: English, French

impersonal passive voice

impersonal passive voice; standardized name

impersonal passive voice; Source: ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3849

Identifier: impersonalPassiveVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice where the valency of an intransitive verb (which has a valency one) is decreased to zero
Source: WP

Example: es wird geschlaffen
Source: SEW

Language sections: English, French

intensity

intensity; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2197

Identifier: intensity Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Quality of being felt very strongly or having a strong effect
Source:

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

masdar

masdar; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2224

Identifier: masdar Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: property that expresses a verbal idea under an abstract form.
Source: MIRACL & LSCA

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

mediopassive voice

mediopassive voice; standardized name

mediopassive voice; Source: ; data element name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3850

Identifier: mediopassiveVoice Type: simple Origin: Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax

Definition: voice which subsumes both the middle voice and the passive voice
Source: WP

Language sections: English, French

modification type

modification type; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1931

Identifier: modificationType Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of determiners which distinguish different forms.
Source:
Note: For instance in Romanian.

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

indifferent
indifferent; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1944
Identifier: indifferent   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Markup to express that there is not any pertinence.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
post modifier
post modifier; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1945
Identifier: postModifier   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Situation where the modifier is after the modified.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
premodifier
premodifier; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1943
Identifier: preModifier   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Situation where the modifier is before the modified.
Source:
Language sections: English, French

morphological feature

morphological feature; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1425

Identifier: morphologicalFeature Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Property attached to a given inflected form that usually permits to distinguish this form from the generic lemmatised form of the word.
Source:
Note: For instance, the inflected form "tables" has the morphological feature /grammatical number/ that is valued with /plural/ and so, permits to distinguish "tables" from "table".

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

negative

negative; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1839

Identifier: negative Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: denotes the negation or the absence
Source:

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

object person
object person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2279
Identifier: objectPerson   Type: complex/open   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: person for the object of the verb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
owned number
owned number; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1930
Identifier: ownedNumber   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indication concerning the number of the possessed thing.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
owner gender
owner gender; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1416
Identifier: ownerGender   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indication concerning the gender of the person that ownes something.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Linguistic sections: English
Data type: string
feminine
feminine; standardized name
feminine; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1880
Identifier: feminine   Type: simple   Origin: 247; ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to females.
Source: ISO12620
Note: In the languages where there is the notion of grammatical gender, the value /feminine/ is frequently attached to a word that has nothing to do with the natural gender. For instance, in French, "le tabouret" (masculine) vs "la chaise" (feminine) is purely idiomatic.
Example: fr: fille, mere
Source: Mitre; TEI(green text)
Language sections: English, French
masculine
masculine; standardized name
masculine; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1883
Identifier: masculine   Type: simple   Origin: 246; ISO 12620:1999; Source indicates synonymy with a DC defined for Terminology   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to males.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
neuter
neuter; standardized name
neuter; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1884
Identifier: neuter   Type: simple   Origin: 248; ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Of, relating to, or constituting the gender that ordinarily includes most words or grammatical forms referring to objects that are not characterized as male or female.
Source: ISO12620
Example: de: das Brot, das Mädchen
Source: Mitre; TEI(green text)
Explanation: Although the noun Mädchen, a girl, ostensibly relates to a feminine entity, it is neuter based on the form of the word, since the diminutive ending "chen" reverts to neuter gender regardless of the concept to which the word refers.
Source: SEW
Language sections: English, French
owner number
owner number; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1417
Identifier: ownerNumber   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indication concerning the number of the person that owns something.
Source: GF
Note: Useful for instance in French for pronouns, or in Hungarian for nouns.
Language sections: English, French
Linguistic sections: English, French
Data type: string
plural
plural; standardized name
plural; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1354
Identifier: plural   Type: simple   Origin: ISO 12620:1999   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Value that expresses more than one element.
Source: GP
Language sections: English, French
singular
singular; standardized name
singular; Source: ISO 12620:1999; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1387
Identifier: singular   Type: simple   Origin: ISO 12620:1999?   Profiles: Morphosyntax, Terminology
Definition: Value that expresses one element.
Source: GP
Example: eat
Source: zeus.inalf.fr SINGULIER
Language sections: English, French
owner person
owner person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1929
Identifier: ownerPerson   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indication concerning the person that ownes something.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
first person
first person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288
Identifier: firstPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm
Example: The following singular pronouns: - I - me - myself - my - mine The following plural pronouns: - we - us - ourselves - our - ours Am, the first person form of the verb be
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=finite ->4
Language sections: English, French
second person
second person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1384
Identifier: secondPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Second person deixis is deictic reference to a person or persons identified as addressee.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixis.htm
Example: Here are some examples of second person deixis: - you - yourself - yourselves - your - yours
Source: zeus.inalf.fr RACINE
Language sections: English, French
third person
third person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1402
Identifier: thirdPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Third person deixis is deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm
Example: Here are some examples of items that express third person deixis: - he - she - they the third person singular verb suffix -s He sometimes flies.
Source: www.cusd.claremont.edu/~tkroll/inflection.html#ter
Language sections: English, French
person
person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1328
Identifier: person   Type: complex/closed   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Indication of grammatical person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) associated with a given inflected form.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
first person
first person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288
Identifier: firstPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm
Example: The following singular pronouns: - I - me - myself - my - mine The following plural pronouns: - we - us - ourselves - our - ours Am, the first person form of the verb be
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=finite ->4
Language sections: English, French
second person
second person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1384
Identifier: secondPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Second person deixis is deictic reference to a person or persons identified as addressee.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixis.htm
Example: Here are some examples of second person deixis: - you - yourself - yourselves - your - yours
Source: zeus.inalf.fr RACINE
Language sections: English, French
third person
third person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1402
Identifier: thirdPerson   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Third person deixis is deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm
Example: Here are some examples of items that express third person deixis: - he - she - they the third person singular verb suffix -s He sometimes flies.
Source: www.cusd.claremont.edu/~tkroll/inflection.html#ter
Language sections: English, French
pseudopassive voice
pseudopassive voice; standardized name
pseudopassive voice; Source: ; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3851
Identifier: pseudopassiveVoice   Type: simple   Origin:    Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax
Definition: voice in a specify passive construction (different from the regular passive) where the patient is the syntactic subject and agent is the syntactic object
Source: WP
Example: Ancient Egyptians had their cats respected
Source: WP
Language sections: English, French
reciprocal voice
reciprocal voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3841
Identifier: reciprocalVoice   Type: simple   Origin:    Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax
Definition: voice for a construction where the semantic subject and object perform the verbal action to each other
Source:
Example: John and Mary cut each other's hair
Source:
Language sections: English, French
referent type
referent type; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1376
Identifier: referentType   Type: complex/closed   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Type of concrete object or concept (the referent) that an expression represents (the reference).
Source: DFKI
Note: Used to distinguish reflexive personal from reflexive possessive pronouns in the Slavic languages. In bulgarian, it also describes a subdivision on the basis os semantic features which have effect on the morpho-syntactic paradigm.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
personal
personal; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1946
Identifier: personal   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Property that refers to the person.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
possessive
possessive; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1355
Identifier: possessive   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Relative to the possession or association.
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=possessive
Language sections: English, French
reflexive voice
reflexive voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3842
Identifier: reflexiveVoice   Type: simple   Origin:    Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax
Definition: voice for a construction where the semantic agent and patient are the same
Source:
Example: she threw herself to the floor
Source:
Language sections: English, French
status constructus
status constructus; standardized name
construct state; admitted name
status constructus; Source: Karlheinz Moerth; data element name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2997
Identifier: statusConstructus   Type: simple   Origin:    Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax
Definition: morphological form of the nominal head of noun+noun-phrases which in spite of a missing determiner (article) is invariably understood as semantically determined.
Source: Karlheinz Moerth
Note: In particular in Semitic and Berber languages. The construct state is one ot the three states of noun in Arabic, the other two being the status absolutus (indefinte) and the status emphaticus (definite).
Language sections: English, French
subject person
subject person; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2278
Identifier: subjectPerson   Type: complex/open   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: person for the subject of the verb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic type
syntactic type; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1948
Identifier: syntacticType   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Type of part of speech.
Source: Multext-East
Note: For instance, syntacticType is used to distinguish the nominal and adjectival function of pronouns in Slovene and Czech.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
tense
tense; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1286
Identifier: grammaticalTense   Type: complex/closed   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Property referring to the way the grammar marks the time at which the action denoted by the verb took place.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: There is no easily stateable relationship between tense and time. Tense forms can be used to signal meanings other than temporal ones. For instance, in English, the past tense "knew" in "I wish I knew" means a tentative meaning not past time.
Language sections: English, French
Linguistic sections: English, French
Data type: string
future
future; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1291
Identifier: future   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Verb tense that indicates action or state of being in the future.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Example: I will praise
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsFocus.htm
Language sections: English, French
imperfect
imperfect; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1304
Identifier: imperfect   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Verb tense that refers to action in the past that is incomplete or ongoing.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Note: It is translated into English with the auxiliary was, were, or alternatively with other formulae.
Example: She was praising
Source:
Language sections: English, French
past
past; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1347
Identifier: past   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Past tense is an absolute tense that refers to a time before the moment of utterance.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPastTense.htm
Language sections: English, French
present
present; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1367
Identifier: present   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Verb tense that indicates action or state of being in the present.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Example: He praises
Source: ELM-FR:EAGLES Specifications for French
Language sections: English, French
verb form mood
verb form mood; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1427
Identifier: verbFormMood   Type: complex/closed   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: One of a set of distinctive forms that are used to signal modality. Modality is a facet of illocutionary point or general intent of a speaker, or a speaker's degree of commitment to the expressed proposition's believability, obligatoriness, desirability or reality.
Source: ISO12620
Language sections: English, French
Linguistic sections: English, French
Data type: string
conditional
conditional; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258
Identifier: conditional   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: A conditional relation is a logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true.
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.htm
Example: ``If he comes' is a conditional clause in the sentence ``If he comes I shall go'
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=conditional
Example: If you give her the ring, then you are married to her.I hereby pronounce you married.Are you married to her?Do marry her.If only you would marry her!
Source: www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, COMPLEMENT, C.1, Gramm.
Language sections: English, French
debitive mood
debitive mood; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3835
Identifier: debitiveMood   Type: simple   Origin:    Profiles: Private, Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood to express necessity or requirement
Source: www.latvianstuff.com/Verbs14.html
Example: In Latvian: Anitai ir jālasa lekcija šovakar. 'Anita has to give (literally: read) (a) lecture tonight.
Source: www.latvianstuff.com/Verbs14.html
Language sections: English, French
gerundive
gerundive; standardized name
gerund; admitted name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2243
Identifier: gerundive   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: property for a non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive.
Source:
Note: for instance, "smoking" in "smoking is forbidden"
Language sections: English, French
imperative
imperative; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1844
Identifier: imperative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood used to express an order.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
indicative
indicative; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1885
Identifier: indicative   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood value used in the expression of statements and questions.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: Indicative is usually seen in contrast to imperative or subjunctive moods.
Language sections: English, French
infinitive
infinitive; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1312
Identifier: infinitive   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood cited as unmarked or base form.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: In English, then infinitive form may be used alone or in conjunction with the particle "to".
Example: To praise
Source:
Language sections: English, French
participle
participle; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1341
Identifier: participle   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive that is used in many languages possibly in conjunction with an auxiliary and that functions attributively, predicatively or adverbially.
Source: Franca Wesseling and Karlheinz Moerth
Note: See "non-finite" entry in this registry
Example: Ex#1 She is writing a piece (writing is a present participle)
Source: Franca Wesseling
Example: Ex#2 She has written a piece (written is a past participle)
Source: Franca Wesseling
Example: Ex#3 The piece was written (written is a passive participle)
Source: Franca Wesseling
Example: Ex#4 He read a written text (written is used as an adjective)
Source: Gil Francopoulo
Example: Ex#5 Laut singend gingen sie in Richtung Haustür (word to word translated as "aloud singing went they in direction door.of.the.house") and correctly translated as "Singing aloud, they moved towards the door." (singend functions as an adverb)
Source: Christian Chiarcos
Language sections: English, French
relative mood
relative mood; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3836
Identifier: relativeMood   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.
Source: www.latvianstuff.com/Verbs12.html
Example: In Latvian, the inflected verbal form "neēdot" like in "Anita teica, ka Pēters neēdot omāru." which means : "Anita said that Peter doesn't eat lobster."
Source: www.latvianstuff.com/Verbs12.html
Language sections: English, French
subjunctive
subjunctive; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1843
Identifier: subjunctive   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Mood often used to express uncertainty, whishes or desires.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
voice
voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1413
Identifier: voice   Type: complex/closed   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Way sentences may alter the relationship between the subject and object of a verb, without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: In English, the active voice is for instance "the cat bit the dog" and contrasts with the passive voice like in "The dog was bitten by the cat".
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
active voice
active voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1227
Identifier: activeVoice   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value that expresses the situation where the grammatical subject is also the semantic actor of the verb.
Source:
Note: In English, the active voice is for instance "the cat bit the dog" and contrasts with the passive voice like in "The dog was bitten by the cat".
Example: She threw the ball, They ate my lunch
Source: zeus.inalf.fr ACTIF
Language sections: English, French
middle voice
middle voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1983
Identifier: middleVoice   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Value for middle voice that expresses that the subject is both the agent and object, or that the subject is separate from the agent or that the receiver is the agent him/herself.
Source: Dictionnaire de linguistique Larousse 2002
Note: For instance, for Greek or Sanskrit.
Language sections: English, French
passive voice
passive voice; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1346
Identifier: passiveVoice   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Term referring to a situation where the grammatical subject is typically the recipient or goal of the action denoted by the verb.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: Passive contrasts with active voice and for some languages like Greek with middle voice.
Example: My lunch was eaten by them
Source: www.atilf.inalf.fr-> Tlfi, 2.PASSIF C.1,a
Language sections: English, French
zu inclusion
zu inclusion; standardized name
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1954
Identifier: zuInclusion   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax
Definition: Inclusion of zu.
Source: DFKI
Note: Some German infinitives have the particle zu incorporated. With all other infinitives, the zu precedes immediately, for certain situations like with the conjunction um which is reigning infinitive. The value "no" means normal infinitive, no zu incorporated. The value "yes" is used with infinitives with incorporated zu. It does not apply to primary and modal auxiliaries, as the infinitives do not include the zu.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Name type
1 active voice simple
2 adjutative voice simple
3 animacy complex/closed
4 animate simple
5 antipassive voice simple
6 aorist complex/open
7 apocope mood simple
8 applicative voice simple
9 aspect complex/closed
10 bound simple
11 broken plural simple
12 causative voice complex/open
13 cessative simple
14 circumstantial voice simple
15 cliticness complex/closed
16 collective simple
17 common gender simple
18 comparative simple
19 conditional simple
20 debitive mood simple
21 definite simple
22 definiteness complex/closed
23 degree complex/closed
24 dual simple
25 el inclusion complex/open
26 elative simple
27 feminine simple
28 finite simple
29 finitness complex/closed
30 first person simple
31 full article simple
32 future simple
33 gerundive simple
34 grammatical gender complex/closed
35 grammatical number complex/closed
36 honorific complex/open
37 imperative simple
38 imperative aspect simple
39 imperfect simple
40 imperfective simple
41 impersonal passive voice simple
42 inanimate simple
43 inchoative simple
44 indefinite simple
45 indicative simple
46 indifferent simple
47 infinitive simple
48 intensity complex/open
49 masculine simple
50 masdar complex/open
51 mediopassive voice simple
52 middle voice simple
53 modification type complex/closed
54 morphological feature complex/open
55 negative complex/closed
56 neuter simple
57 non-finite simple
58 object person complex/open
59 other animacy simple
60 owned number complex/closed
61 owner gender complex/closed
62 owner number complex/closed
63 owner person complex/closed
64 participle simple
65 passive voice simple
66 past simple
67 paucal simple
68 perfective simple
69 person complex/closed
70 personal simple
71 plural simple
72 positive simple
73 possessive simple
74 post modifier simple
75 premodifier simple
76 present simple
77 pseudopassive voice simple
78 quadrial simple
79 reciprocal voice simple
80 referent type complex/closed
81 reflexive voice simple
82 relative mood simple
83 second person simple
84 short article simple
85 singular simple
86 status constructus simple
87 subject person complex/open
88 subjunctive simple
89 superlative simple
90 syntactic type complex/closed
91 tense complex/closed
92 third person simple
93 trial simple
94 unaccomplished simple
95 verb form mood complex/closed
96 voice complex/closed
97 zu inclusion complex/closed

	Name	type
1	active voice	simple
2	adjutative voice	simple
3	animacy	complex/closed
4	animate	simple
5	antipassive voice	simple
6	aorist	complex/open
7	apocope mood	simple
8	applicative voice	simple
9	aspect	complex/closed
10	bound	simple
11	broken plural	simple
12	causative voice	complex/open
13	cessative	simple
14	circumstantial voice	simple
15	cliticness	complex/closed
16	collective	simple
17	common gender	simple
18	comparative	simple
19	conditional	simple
20	debitive mood	simple
21	definite	simple
22	definiteness	complex/closed
23	degree	complex/closed
24	dual	simple
25	el inclusion	complex/open
26	elative	simple
27	feminine	simple
28	finite	simple
29	finitness	complex/closed
30	first person	simple
31	full article	simple
32	future	simple
33	gerundive	simple
34	grammatical gender	complex/closed
35	grammatical number	complex/closed
36	honorific	complex/open
37	imperative	simple
38	imperative aspect	simple
39	imperfect	simple
40	imperfective	simple
41	impersonal passive voice	simple
42	inanimate	simple
43	inchoative	simple
44	indefinite	simple
45	indicative	simple
46	indifferent	simple
47	infinitive	simple
48	intensity	complex/open
49	masculine	simple
50	masdar	complex/open
51	mediopassive voice	simple
52	middle voice	simple
53	modification type	complex/closed
54	morphological feature	complex/open
55	negative	complex/closed
56	neuter	simple
57	non-finite	simple
58	object person	complex/open
59	other animacy	simple
60	owned number	complex/closed
61	owner gender	complex/closed
62	owner number	complex/closed
63	owner person	complex/closed
64	participle	simple
65	passive voice	simple
66	past	simple
67	paucal	simple
68	perfective	simple
69	person	complex/closed
70	personal	simple
71	plural	simple
72	positive	simple
73	possessive	simple
74	post modifier	simple
75	premodifier	simple
76	present	simple
77	pseudopassive voice	simple
78	quadrial	simple
79	reciprocal voice	simple
80	referent type	complex/closed
81	reflexive voice	simple
82	relative mood	simple
83	second person	simple
84	short article	simple
85	singular	simple
86	status constructus	simple
87	subject person	complex/open
88	subjunctive	simple
89	superlative	simple
90	syntactic type	complex/closed
91	tense	complex/closed
92	third person	simple
93	trial	simple
94	unaccomplished	simple
95	verb form mood	complex/closed
96	voice	complex/closed
97	zu inclusion	complex/closed