Cases

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1840

Identifier: case   Type: complex/closed   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: In a given sentence, the way in which the form of a word changes in order to express a relationship with one or several words of the sentence. The morphological modification may apply to nouns, pronouns noun phrase constituents, such as adjectives or numerals.
Source:
Note: English marks case only on pronouns: nominative (e.g. I), objective (e.g. me) and genitive (e.g. my) and on nouns: (e.g. boy's and boys'). Latin marks six cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative and ablative.

Language sections: English, French

Data type: string

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abessive case

abessive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1223

Identifier: abessiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks.
Source: Pei and Gaynor 1954 & Gove 1966

Language sections: English, French

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ablative case

ablative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1224

Identifier: ablativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case used to typically indicate locative or instrumental function.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: The case is usually translated into English with a preposition.

Example: By the window, in the doghouse
Source:

Note: Ablative is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English.

Language sections: English, French

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absolutive case

absolutive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1225

Identifier: absolutiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case for nouns in ergative-absolute languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative-accusative languages such as English.
Source: dfki

Language sections: English, French

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accusative case

accusative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1226

Identifier: accusativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case used to indicate direct object.
Source: Crystal 2003

Language sections: English, French

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adessive case

adessive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1228

Identifier: adessiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses the meaning of presence 'at' or 'near' a place.
Source: Crystal 2003

Note: Adessive is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English.

Language sections: English, French

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aditive case

aditive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1229

Identifier: aditiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case expressing "to" in Basque studies.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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allative case

allative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1236

Identifier: allativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses the meaning of motion 'to' or 'towards' the referent it marks.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: For instance in Finnish.

Language sections: English, French

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benefactive case

benefactive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1247

Identifier: benefactiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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causative case

causative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1253

Identifier: causativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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comitative case

comitative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1255

Identifier: comitativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses a meaning similar to 'along with' or 'accompagnied by'.
Source: Crystal 2003

Example: A bartommal mentem. The friend-my-with went-I 'I went with my friend.' In Hungarian the suffix used is val/vel
Source:

Note: Found in Finnish, Hungarian and Estonian

Language sections: English, French

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dative case

dative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1265

Identifier: dativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that expresses an indirect object relationship or a range of meaning similar to that covered by 'to' or 'for' in English; but there is a great deal of variation between languages in the way this case is used.
Source: Crystal 2003

Example: They ate themselves a good lunch
Source: www.latl.unige.ch

Language sections: English, French

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delative case

delative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1268

Identifier: delativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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elative case

elative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1276

Identifier: elativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses the meaning of motion 'away from' from the referent of the noun it marks.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: For instance, for Finnish.

Note: Elative is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English

Language sections: English, French

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equative case

equative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1279

Identifier: equativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks. It can have meaning, such as: 'as', 'like', or 'in the capacity of'.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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ergative case

ergative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1280

Identifier: ergativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case assigned to the subject of a transitive verb as opposed to absolutive case.
Source: www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case
Note: For instance for Basque and Eskimo.

Language sections: English, French

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essive case

essive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1281

Identifier: essiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses a state of being.
Source: Crystal 2003

Language sections: English, French

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genitive case

genitive case; standardized name

possessive case; admitted name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1293

Identifier: genitiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses a possessive relationship (e.g. the boy's book) or some other similarly close connection (e.g. a summer's day).
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: There is a great deal of variation between languages in the way this case is used.

Example: The brick of the wall
Source:

Note: Hardly any English nouns decline, but the genitive case is indicated by the endings 's (belonging to one) and s' (belonging to more than one) in such phrases as the dog's bone, the cats' litter box.

Language sections: English, French

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illative case

illative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1303

Identifier: illativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses the meaning of 'motion into' or 'direction towards' the referent of the noun it marks.
Source: Crystal 2003

Note: Illative is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English

Language sections: English, French

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inessive case

inessive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1311

Identifier: inessiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses the meaning of location or position within a place.
Source: Crystal 2003
Note: For instance for Finnish.

Note: Inessive is one of the six locative cases which as their basic meaning correspond to locational prepositions in English

Language sections: English, French

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instrumental case

instrumental case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1316

Identifier: instrumentalCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case indicating that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause.
Source: SIL

Language sections: English, French

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lative case

lative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1323

Identifier: lativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case which expresses motion to a location.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lative_case
Note: For instance, in some Uralic languages like Erzya or Moksha. In finnish, lative is not productive anymore.

Language sections: English, French

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locative case

locative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326

Identifier: locativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that indicates a final location of action or a time of the action.
Source: www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locative_case

Example: On chital v komnate. (This is Cyrilic)He read-past in room-loc. 'He was reading in the room.'
Source:

Language sections: English, French

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nominative case

nominative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1331

Identifier: nominativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case used to indicate the subject of a verb.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Note: Nouns used in isolation have this case.

Example: I did it
Source: www.atilf.inalf.fr Tlfi, MORPHEME, A,1

Language sections: English, French

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oblique case

oblique case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1336

Identifier: obliqueCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that is used when a noun is the object of a verb or a proposition, except for nominative and vocative case.
Source: www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/oblique+case +

Language sections: English, French

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partitive case

partitive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2003

Identifier: partitiveCase   Type: simple   Origin:    Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part.
Source: DFKI

Language sections: English, French

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prolative case

prolative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1368

Identifier: prolativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case for a noun or a pronoun that expresses motion within a place or a period of time needed for an event.
Source:
Note: Prolative is widely used in Estonian. There is a great deal of variation about this term in the various dictionaries.

Language sections: English, French

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sociative case

sociative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1388

Identifier: sociativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case related to the person in whose company the action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in the action.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociative_case
Note: This case is not productive any more; nowadays the instrumental-comitative case is usually used instead.

Language sections: English, French

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sublative case

sublative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1392

Identifier: sublativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case for a move of something to the surface of another object.
Source: www.hungarotips.com/hungarian/i/fonev1.html
Note: Be sure it will NOT be inside of the object, only ON the object. Sublative endings: -ra, -re Example sentences: Leteszem a táskát a székre. -- I put the bag on the chair. Felakasztjuk a képet a falra. -- We are hanging up the picture to the wall.

Language sections: English, French

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superessive case

superessive case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1396

Identifier: superessiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case indicating location on top of something or on the surface of something.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superessive_case

Language sections: English, French

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terminative case

terminative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1401

Identifier: terminativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case that indicates to what or where something ends.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminative_case
Note: Fir instance in Estonian, jõeni: "to the river" / "as far as the river"

Language sections: English, French

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translative case

translative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1406

Identifier: translativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case indicating that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change.
Source: SIL
Note: In Finnish, this is the counterpart of the essive case.

Language sections: English, French

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vocative case

vocative case; standardized name

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1412

Identifier: vocativeCase   Type: simple   Origin: ?   Profile: Morphosyntax

Definition: Case used to indicate direct address.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html

Example: You're a good man, Charlie Brown
Source: ELM-FR:EAGLES Specifications for French

Language sections: English, French

PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2798

Identifier: objectiveCase   Type: simple   Origin: http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000352.htm   Profile: Private

Definition: case for the form of a noun or pronoun used in the direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, object complement and subject of an infinitive
Source: http://englishplus.com/grammar/00000352.htm

Example: I see him. I brought him a new book. I bought the book for him.
Source:

Explanation: Compared with the strategy of namming these different meanings with difference case names, the argument is that this is all the same case, which is called objective case. This is indeed what every American is taught in school: they learn nominative case (I is of course nominative case), and they learn objective case.
Source: