Complement
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1257
Identifier: complement Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: - A noun phrase that follows a copula or similar verb, as for example an idiot in the sentence He is an idiot. - A clause that serves as the subject or direct object of a verb or the direct object of a preposition, as for example that he would be early in the sentence I hoped that he would be early.
Source:
www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=complement
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Constituent
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1261
Identifier: syntacticConstituent Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: A constituent is one of two or more grammatical units that enter syntactically or morphologically into a construction at any level.
Source:
www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConstituent.htm
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Ditransitive
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1275
Identifier: ditransitive Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: Ditransitivity (or Bitransitivity) is a term which describes a verb or clause which takes two objects.
Source:
www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsDitransitivity.htm
Example: In the following sentence, tell is a ditransitive verb: - She told him a story.
Source:
www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=direct+object
Language sections: English, French
Grammatical function
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1296
Identifier: grammaticalFunction Type: complex/closed Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Interrogative
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1319
Identifier: interrogative Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: An interrogative mood is an epistemic mood that signals that the speaker wishes to elicit information concerning the content of his or her utterance from the addressee.
Source:
www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsInterrogativeMood.htm
Definition: Denoting or belonging to a class of words, such as which and whom, that are determiners, adjectives, or pronouns and serve to question which individual referent or referents are intended
Source:
www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=interrogative
Note: Syntactic criterion = Interrogative and relative pronouns enable phrasal expansions.
Language sections: English, Czech, French
Data type: string
Intransitive
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1322
Identifier: intransitive Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: Refers to a verb that does not take a direct object; that is, to a verb that does not express an action which directly affects another person or thing.
Source:
www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Example: They fall
Source:
ELM-FR:EAGLES Specifications for French
Language sections: English, French
Syntax
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1399
Identifier: syntax Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: The relationship of words to each other in a sentence
Source:
www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Explanation: English syntax is almost wholly determined by word order, whereas in Latin word order is much less important in determing who did what to whom.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Transitive
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1405
Identifier: transitive Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: A verb which takes a direct object; that is, a verb that expresses an action which directly affects another person or thing.
Source:
www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html
Example: The man has a horse
Source:
ark.wz.cz/cidarke/mverb.html
Language sections: English, French
Valency
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1410
Identifier: valency Type: complex/open Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
Verb frame
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1411
Identifier: verbFrame Type: complex/closed Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: A word used to express an action or state of being. Finite verbs have five variables: person, number, tense, mood, and voice.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html + Gil Francopoulo
Note: see syntactic frame that is more general that verb frame because in some languages there are frames attached to nouns (for predicative nouns in French for instance).
Note: Pragmatic criterion = A verbal process is located to parameters concerning the situation of enonciation (person, spatial and temporal localization).
Note: Semantic criterion = A verb is a morphological unit to which frames (roles like agent, patient, goal,...) can be associated.
Note: Syntactic criterion = A verb is a morphological unit which is the head of a syntactic constituent, i.e. a verbal phrase VP.
Note: Morphological criterion = A verb is morphological unit to which the features mood and tense apply, in combination with the morphological features person, number and for participles also the feature gender. Remark :It exists a range of so called defective verbs, that is verbs which haven't the whole paradigm of inflected forms.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adjective chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2290
Identifier: adjectiveChunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: chunk headed by an adjective
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adjective phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2258
Identifier: adjectivePhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase headed by an adjective
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adjectiveModifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2269
Identifier: adjectiveModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation in which the modified is an adjective
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adjunct
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2308
Identifier: adjunct Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: optional or secondary grammatical unit that may be removed without the structural identity of the rest of the construction being affected
Source:
Note: adverbs are usually adjuncts, like in "Peter kicked the ball" instead of "Peter kicked the ball yesterday"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adposition chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2292
Identifier: adpositionChunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: chunk introduced by one or several adpositions that are not necessarily contiguous and on the same end of the chunk
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adposition phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2285
Identifier: adpositionPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase introduced by one or several adpositions and containing a complement such as a noun phrase
Source:
Note: the adpositions are not necessarily contiguous and on the same end of the phrase
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adverb chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2294
Identifier: adverbChunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: chunk headed by an adverb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adverb modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2270
Identifier: adverbModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation in which the modified is an adverb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
adverb phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2259
Identifier: adverbPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase headed by an adverb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
annotation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2318
Identifier: annotation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: information added to a word, phrase, clause, sentence, a text or a relation among them
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
annotation deepness
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2329
Identifier: annotationDeepness Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: level of information richness, the annotation is able to describe
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
deep parsing
deep parsing; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2332
Identifier: deepParsing Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: process of fully building the clauses and relations in a sentence
Source:Language sections: English, French
shallow parsing
shallow parsing; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2331
Identifier: shallowParsing Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: process of building the chunks in a sentence
Source:Language sections: English, French
tagging
tagging; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2330
Identifier: tagging Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: process of labeling the correct part of speech information for every word
Source:Language sections: English, French
annotation style
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2325
Identifier: annotationStyle Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: style of annotation
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
embedded notation
embedded notation; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2327
Identifier: embeddedNotation Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: annotation that is added in the text
Source:
Note: the original organization of the text is modifiedLanguage sections: English, French
mixed notation
mixed notation; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2328
Identifier: mixedNotation Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: hybrid style annotation where standoff and embedded are mixed
Source:Language sections: English, French
annotation type
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2321
Identifier: annotationType Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: type of annotation
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
constituency
constituency; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2322
Identifier: constituency Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: mechanism allowing the construction of words into phrases, phrases into clauses, and clauses into sentences
Source:
Note: the construction of sentences into text is not usually called constituencyLanguage sections: English, French
constituency and dependency
constituency and dependency; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2324
Identifier: constituencyAndDependency Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: union of constituency and dependency
Source:Language sections: English, French
dependency
dependency; standardized namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2323
Identifier: dependency Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: mechanism allowing the linking of words, phrases, and clauses
Source:Language sections: English, French
apposed
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2338
Identifier: apposed Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: property of being in apposition
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
apposition
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2273
Identifier: apposition Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between linguistic units that share the same (or similar) referent
Source:
Note: Smith, the barber, came in
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
attribute
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2267
Identifier: attribute Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation concerning an adjective or a noun when it occurs as modifier of the head of a noun phrase
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
auxiliairy
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2262
Identifier: auxiliary Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between a subordinate verb and the main verb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2284
Identifier: chunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: flat sequence of words typically containing more than one word
Source:
Note: A chunk cannot contain any sub-structures. A chunk is frequently similar to a phrase
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
clause
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2295
Identifier: clause Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: unit of grammatical organization smaller or equals to the sentence but larger than phrases and words
Source:
Note: The traditional classification is of clausal units into main (independent or superordinate) and subordinate (or dependent) clauses, e.g. the boy arrived (main clause) after the rain started (subordinate clause). A clause may form a whole sentence, like in "they came". A clause may contain any sub-clauses.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
clitic
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2333
Identifier: clitic Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: word which cannot stand on its own as a normal utterance, being dependent upon a neighboring word
Source:
Note: there is a great variation concerning clitics. Sometimes, in English, the cliticized forms are restricted to the contracted forms of be, in I'm. But sometimes, the articles are also referred to as clitics.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
comparative phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2281
Identifier: comparativePhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase expressing a comparative meaning
Source:
Note: in English, there is both an inflection (e.g. larger) and a comparative phrase construction (e.g. more beautiful) to express comparative.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
comparative relation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2309
Identifier: comparativeRelation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation expressing a comparative meaning
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
complementizer
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2266
Identifier: complementizer Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between a subordinating conjunction and a verb, which marks an embedded sentence of a complement type
Source:
Note: For instance in "I said that he was leaving", the embedded sentence is "he was leaving"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
contiguous
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2302
Identifier: contiguous Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: property of a grammatical unit sharing a boundary with another
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
coordinated phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2283
Identifier: coordinatedPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase expressing a coordination
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
coordination
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2272
Identifier: coordination Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation that links linguistic units which are of equivalent syntactic status, e.g. a series of phrases or words
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
coordinator
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2341
Identifier: coordinator Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: series of words that coordinates
Source:
Note: typically, a coordinator is a coordinating conjunction
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
declarative clause
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2300
Identifier: declarativeClause Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause referring to the expression of a statement
Source:
Note: Usually the term is seen in contrast to interrogative and imperative
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
direct object
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2263
Identifier: directObject Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between a phrase and a verb, in which the relation is central to the verb
Source:
Note: In "the man gave the boy a book", the phrase "a book" is the direct object
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
double negation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2314
Identifier: doubleNegation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: construction consisting of two negative forms in the same clause
Source:
Note: Example: in English, "I'm not unhappy"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
enclitic
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2336
Identifier: enclitic Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clitic that depends upon a preceding word
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
first
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2342
Identifier: first Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: before anything according to a certain order
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
genitive
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2316
Identifier: genitive Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation expressing a possessive relationship
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
grammatical unit
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2303
Identifier: grammaticalUnit Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: term referring to either a word, a phrase, a clause or a sentence
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
head
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2306
Identifier: head Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: central word of a phrase equivalent to the phrase as a whole
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
imperative clause
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2301
Identifier: imperativeClause Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause referring to the expression of a command
Source:
Note: Usually the term is seen in contrast to interrogative and declarative
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
interrogative clause
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2299
Identifier: interrogativeClause Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause referring to the expression of a question
Source:
Note: Usually the term is seen in contrast to declarative and imperative. Example, in English, "who are you?"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
introducer
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2245
Identifier: introducer Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: element that is beginning a sequence of forms
Source:
Note: for instance, a preposition is an introducer of a GP
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
juxtaposition
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2274
Identifier: juxtaposition Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation where two linguistic units are put together
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
key
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4174
Identifier: key Type: complex/open Origin: Profiles: Lexicography, Language Resource Ontology, Syntax, Semantic Content Representation, Morphosyntax, Metadata, Private
Definition: constituent of a key-value pair, class of information provided by the pair
Source: NaLiDa
Note: Should only be used in a pair with an accompanying value. If possible, keys should be replaced by an appropriate data category with the value being the value of the data category.
Language sections: English, German
Data type: string
left coordinated
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2339
Identifier: leftCoordinated Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause member located at the left of a coordinator
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2305
Identifier: modifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation of one grammatical unit upon another with different restrictions in the scope
Source:
Note: In "the big tree in the garden", both "the big" and "in the garden" modify "tree".
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
morpho-syntactic annotation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2320
Identifier: morphosyntacticAnnotation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: annotation related to the morphology of the words and their part of speech
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
negation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2313
Identifier: negation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: construction that expresses the contradiction of some or all of the sentence's meaning
Source:
Note: negation may be based on negative particles (like "not") or on prefixes (like "un", or "non"). Example: in English, "I'm not happy"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
next
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2343
Identifier: next Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: immediately afterwards
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
noun chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2289
Identifier: nounChunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: chunk headed by a noun
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
noun modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2268
Identifier: nounModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation in which the modified is a noun
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2282
Identifier: phrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: structural element built around a main word (when there is one), formed of zero, one or more words and lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clauses.
Source:
Note: A phrase may embed sub-structures. Traditionally, it is seen as part of a structural hierarchy, falling between clause and word. Several types are usually distinguished, e.g. adverb phrase, adjective phrase etc.
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
phrase type
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3054
Identifier: phraseType Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: The type of a phrase
Source:
Data type: string
noun phrase
noun phrase; standardized nameNP; admitted namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2256
Identifier: nounPhrase Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase headed by a noun
Source:Language sections: English, French
verb phrase
verb phrase; standardized nameVP; admitted namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2255
Identifier: verbPhrase Type: simple Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase headed by a verb
Source:Language sections: English, French
postnominal modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2312
Identifier: postnominalModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: noun modifier where the modifier is after the noun
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
postposition chunk
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2293
Identifier: postpositionChunk Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: chunk ending by one or several postpositions
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
postposition phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2286
Identifier: postpositionPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase ending by one or several postpositions and containing a complement such as a noun phrase
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
predicate
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2315
Identifier: predicate Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: major word in a clause associated with a two-part analysis in which all obligatory constituents other than the subject are considered together
Source:
Note: Example: "Kevin kick the ball" is seen as a subject ("Kevin") associated with a predicate construction ("kick the ball").
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
prenominal modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2311
Identifier: prenominalModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: noun modifier where the modifier is before the noun
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
preposition modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2271
Identifier: prepositionModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation in which the modified is a preposition
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
preposition verb phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2260
Identifier: prepositionVerbPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: verb phrase that is introduced by a preposition
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
prepositional phrase
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2257
Identifier: prepositionalPhrase Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: phrase beginning by one or several prepositions and a complement such as a noun phrase
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
previous
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2344
Identifier: previous Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: immediately before
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
proclitic
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2335
Identifier: proclitic Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clitic that depends upon a following word
Source:
Note: Example: "the" in "the boy"
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
propagation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2337
Identifier: propagation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: act of spreading a linguistic property from a grammatical unit to another
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
proper noun
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2480
Identifier: properNoun_2 Type: simple Origin: ISO 12620 Profiles: Terminology, Syntax
Definition: A noun that represents a unique thing or person.
Source: SEW
Example: Europe, as opposed to "continent", which is a common noun.
Source: ISO 12620
relation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2304
Identifier: relation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: labeled link between two or more grammatical units
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
relative clause
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2298
Identifier: relativeClause Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause that is part of a noun phrase, introduced by a relative pronoun, that may be elliptic.
Source:
Note: in English, a relative clause is introduced by a relative pronoun, like "when" in "I remember the day when I first met Kevin".
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
relative relation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2317
Identifier: relativeRelation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation linking a relative clause to the noun phrase it refers to
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
right coordinated
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2340
Identifier: rightCoordinated Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: clause member located at the right of a coordinator
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
sentence
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1386
Identifier: sentence Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: A sentence is a grammatical unit that is composed of one or more clauses.
Source:
www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASentence.htm
Definition: A sequence of words capable of standing alone to make an assertion, ask a question, or give a command, usually consisting of a subject and a predicate containing a finite verb.
Source:
www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=sentence
Example: I am reading a book
Source:
http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASemanticRole.htm
Language sections: English, French
subject
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2261
Identifier: subject Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between a phrase and a verb, that represents the person or thing that performs the action or about which something is stated
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
superlative relation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2310
Identifier: superlativeRelation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation expressing a superlative meaning
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
synonym (vernacular)
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3761
Identifier: synonym_vernacular Type: complex/open Origin: Coward, David F. & Grimes, Charles E. (2000). Making Dictionaries: A guide to lexicography and the Multi-Dictionary Formatter. Waxhaw, North Carolina: SIL International (1st ed. 1995). URL: http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/MDF_2000.pdf http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/MDF_Updates.html Profiles: Private, Syntax, Lexical Semantics, Language Codes
Definition: Used to reference a synonym of the lexeme, but using the lf (lexical function) field for this is better practice.
Source: Coward, David F. & Grimes, Charles E. (2000). Making Dictionaries: A guide to lexicography and the Multi-Dictionary Formatter. Waxhaw, North Carolina: SIL International (1st ed. 1995). URL: http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/MDF_2000.pdf
http://www.sil.org/computing/shoebox/MDF_Updates.html
Data type: string
syntactic annotation
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2319
Identifier: syntacticAnnotation Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: annotation describing the constituency and/or dependency
Source:
Note: syntactic annotation does not directly deal with the meaning of an utterance
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic argument
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2247
Identifier: syntacticArgument Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: argument of a syntactic construction
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic feature
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2246
Identifier: syntacticFeature Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: feature used in the description of the syntax of a language
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic function
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2244
Identifier: syntacticFunction Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic system in which it is used
Source:
Note: For instance: subject
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic head
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2248
Identifier: syntacticHead Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: central element of a subcategorization frame
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntactic restriction
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2354
Identifier: syntacticRestriction Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: rule that limits what the syntax allows in a particular language
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
syntacticCategory
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1506
Identifier: syntacticCategory Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: A syntactic category is a set of words and/or phrases in a language which share a significant number of common characteristics. The classification is based on similar structure and sameness of distribution (the structural relationships between these elements and other items in a larger grammatical structure), and not on meaning.
Source: http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASyntacticCategory.htm
Note: In generative grammar, a syntactic category is symbolized by a node label in a constituent structure tree.
Example: "Le petit chat mange la souris dans la salle de bain" : "le petit chat", "mange la souris", "la souris", "dans la salle de bain", "la salle de bain" are syntactic constituents.
Source: Susanne Salmon-Alt
Data type: string
syntacticFunction
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1507
Identifier: syntacticFunction Type: complex/closed Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: A syntactic function is the grammatical relationship of one constituent to another within a syntactic construction. -
Source: http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASyntacticFunction.htm- Crystal, David. 1985.A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 2nd edition. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Crystal, David. 1985.A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 2nd edition. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Data type: string
Direct object
Direct object; admitted namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1274
Identifier: directObject Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: - The usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs - A particular case marking - A particular clause position - The conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb - The capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization - The capability of reflexivization
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsADirectObject.htmDefinition: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase whose referent receives the direct action of a verb.
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=direct+objectExample: A book is the direct object in the sentence They bought Anne a book
Source: csli-publications.stanford.edu/LFG/4/lee/lfg99-lee.htmlLanguage sections: English, French
Indirect object
Indirect object; admitted namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1310
Identifier: indirectObject Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal and other similar roles. It is proposed for languages in which the role is distinct from the direct object and the oblique object on the basis of multiple independent syntactic or morphological criteria, such as the following: - Having a particular case marking, commonly dative - Governing an agreement affix on the verb, such as person or number - Being distinct from oblique relations in that it may be relativized
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnIndirectObject.htmDefinition: A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase indicating the recipient or beneficiary of the action of a verb and its direct object
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=indirect%20objectExample: John in the sentence I bought John a newspaper
Source:Language sections: English, French
Subject
Subject; admitted namePID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1391
Identifier: subject Type: simple Origin: ? Profile: Syntax
Definition: The noun or pronoun that, with all of its modifiers, immediately precedes the verb. He Is defined entierely in terms of position.
Source: www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.htmlDefinition: A word, phrase, or formal expression about which something is predicated or stated in a sentence; for example, the cat in the sentence The cat catches mice.
Source: www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=subjectExample: Socrate
Source: www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAStem.htmLanguage sections: English, French
value
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1978
Identifier: value Type: complex/open Origin: Profiles: Sign Language, Translation, Lexical Semantics, Lexical Resources, Multilingual Information Management, Terminology, Language Codes, Lexicography, Language Resource Ontology, Syntax, Semantic Content Representation, Metadata, Morphosyntax
Definition: Generic name for a value.
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
verb complement
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2264
Identifier: verbComplement Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation between a phrase and a verb, in which the given phrase is not central to the verb
Source:
Note: to be opposed to direct object
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
verb modifier
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2265
Identifier: verbModifier Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: relation that represents a modification of a verb
Source:
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
wh type
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2296
Identifier: whType Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: property for a clause beginning by a question word
Source:
Note: in English, "who is he ?" is a whType question
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
yes no type
PID: http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2297
Identifier: yesNoType Type: complex/open Origin: Profile: Syntax
Definition: property for a clause where only a positive or a negative answer or position are possible
Source:
Note: in English, "Are you coming?" is a yesNoType question
Language sections: English, French
Data type: string
| Name | type | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Complement | complex/open |
| 2 | Constituent | complex/open |
| 3 | Direct object | simple |
| 4 | Ditransitive | simple |
| 5 | Grammatical function | complex/closed |
| 6 | Indirect object | simple |
| 7 | Interrogative | complex/open |
| 8 | Intransitive | simple |
| 9 | Subject | simple |
| 10 | Syntax | complex/open |
| 11 | Transitive | simple |
| 12 | Valency | complex/open |
| 13 | Verb frame | complex/closed |
| 14 | adjective chunk | complex/open |
| 15 | adjective phrase | complex/open |
| 16 | adjectiveModifier | complex/open |
| 17 | adjunct | complex/open |
| 18 | adposition chunk | complex/open |
| 19 | adposition phrase | complex/open |
| 20 | adverb chunk | complex/open |
| 21 | adverb modifier | complex/open |
| 22 | adverb phrase | complex/open |
| 23 | annotation | complex/open |
| 24 | annotation deepness | complex/closed |
| 25 | annotation style | complex/closed |
| 26 | annotation type | complex/closed |
| 27 | apposed | complex/open |
| 28 | apposition | complex/open |
| 29 | attribute | complex/open |
| 30 | auxiliairy | complex/open |
| 31 | chunk | complex/open |
| 32 | clause | complex/open |
| 33 | clitic | complex/open |
| 34 | comparative phrase | complex/open |
| 35 | comparative relation | complex/open |
| 36 | complementizer | complex/open |
| 37 | constituency | simple |
| 38 | constituency and dependency | simple |
| 39 | contiguous | complex/open |
| 40 | coordinated phrase | complex/open |
| 41 | coordination | complex/open |
| 42 | coordinator | complex/open |
| 43 | declarative clause | complex/open |
| 44 | deep parsing | simple |
| 45 | dependency | simple |
| 46 | direct object | complex/open |
| 47 | double negation | complex/open |
| 48 | embedded notation | simple |
| 49 | enclitic | complex/open |
| 50 | first | complex/open |
| 51 | genitive | complex/open |
| 52 | grammatical unit | complex/open |
| 53 | head | complex/open |
| 54 | imperative clause | complex/open |
| 55 | interrogative clause | complex/open |
| 56 | introducer | complex/open |
| 57 | juxtaposition | complex/open |
| 58 | key | complex/open |
| 59 | left coordinated | complex/open |
| 60 | mixed notation | simple |
| 61 | modifier | complex/open |
| 62 | morpho-syntactic annotation | complex/open |
| 63 | negation | complex/open |
| 64 | next | complex/open |
| 65 | noun chunk | complex/open |
| 66 | noun modifier | complex/open |
| 67 | noun phrase | simple |
| 68 | phrase | complex/open |
| 69 | phrase type | complex/closed |
| 70 | postnominal modifier | complex/open |
| 71 | postposition chunk | complex/open |
| 72 | postposition phrase | complex/open |
| 73 | predicate | complex/open |
| 74 | prenominal modifier | complex/open |
| 75 | preposition modifier | complex/open |
| 76 | preposition verb phrase | complex/open |
| 77 | prepositional phrase | complex/open |
| 78 | previous | complex/open |
| 79 | proclitic | complex/open |
| 80 | propagation | complex/open |
| 81 | proper noun | simple |
| 82 | relation | complex/open |
| 83 | relative clause | complex/open |
| 84 | relative relation | complex/open |
| 85 | right coordinated | complex/open |
| 86 | sentence | simple |
| 87 | shallow parsing | simple |
| 88 | subject | complex/open |
| 89 | superlative relation | complex/open |
| 90 | synonym (vernacular) | complex/open |
| 91 | syntactic annotation | complex/open |
| 92 | syntactic argument | complex/open |
| 93 | syntactic feature | complex/open |
| 94 | syntactic function | complex/open |
| 95 | syntactic head | complex/open |
| 96 | syntactic restriction | complex/open |
| 97 | syntacticCategory | complex/open |
| 98 | syntacticFunction | complex/closed |
| 99 | tagging | simple |
| 100 | value | complex/open |
| 101 | verb complement | complex/open |
| 102 | verb modifier | complex/open |
| 103 | verb phrase | simple |
| 104 | wh type | complex/open |
| 105 | yes no type | complex/open |